Why could Islamic schools not become universities?

The Islamic madrasa and the Christian university were both religious educational establishments. However, over time the madrasa stayed a madrasa while the university transformed into the university we know today.  

Contemplating how the university of the West is the place where the revolution of scientific thought occurred, and how it is the origin of today's Western civilization, is an exceptionally important and up-to-date subject. It is also very important, particularly for us in Turkey, to consider the reasons why the madrasa has not been able to go through the same transformation in the Islamic world. 

A new book by Professor Kemal Gürüz, titled "Madrasa vs. University," starts by explaining various local developments of the Islamic and Christian religions. It is indeed very important to get a grasp of the local opinion clashes and interpretation movements of both religions. It is also crucial to understand how certain differences in these two monotheistic religions, which at first seemed unimportant, became increasingly important over time. 

Gürüz argues that the most essential difference is that Islam introduces an overall world order while Christianity does not do so. For this reason, Islamic law (fiqh) became the most important subject in the madrasa and in general in Islamic theology. The university, meanwhile, focused on the law in terms of church rules and canonical laws, concentrating mostly on the relationship between reason and revelation, Gürüz writes. 

According to Gürüz, Islam's exclusion of philosophy (especially after the time of the medieval theologian Al-Ghazali) and Christianity's continued discussion of philosophy led to the freezing of the madrasa. The madrasa sufficed with simply conveying knowledge, while...