Transforming higher education

From Nikos Alivizatos' book "Beyond Article 16," I discovered that Greek higher education institutions were recognized as public legal entities after the civil war (1946-49), in a move designed to exclude communist professors. During the 1967-74 military dictatorship, the explicit prohibition of non-state universities found its place in the Constitution, a restriction persisting through the Metapolitefsi period (from the fall of the junta to the transition period shortly after the 1974 legislative elections). Over the course of a century, regardless of the ruling party, the state successfully wielded control over education, particularly higher education, establishing a monopoly. Consequently, Greek universities resembled nationalized enterprises with a shared characteristic - the low quality of the produced educational product or service. Their existence seemed more tailored for...